small jewelry boxes wholesale What are the seven of the original communication operators in China?

Delbert

November 22, 2022 at 9:44 pm

wholesale jewelry chains China Telecom
With the gradual opening of the telecommunications market, China Telecom's traditional advantages have been split, establishing three major key businesses: one is a fixed phone that occupies a monopoly position; the second is the lease of optical cables and optical fiber; and the third is the Internet business.
The China Telecom has formed a data communication network, and has been built into a group network, DDN network, frame relay/ATM network, and China Public Computer Internet (Chinanet), which can provide comprehensive and full -business data communication services. Lile the network foundation of China informatization.
Thinanet is China's largest public Internet Internet. It was completed in 1996, the backbone network of ChinaNet, with a total of 32 nodes on the entire network. By the end of 2000, ChinaNet has a total domestic bandwidth of 800G, covering more than 230 cities across the country, and can provide access services in all places where telephone access. The total bandwidth of international exports exceeds 2G. At the same time, with ChinaPac, Chinaddn, ChinaFrn, and frame relay, users can choose to dial -up, group exchange network, frame relay, and dedicated line access. In the second half of 2000, Chinanet conducted large-scale expansion to further provide multi-level communication services, such as IP-VPN, IDC, ChinaNet nationwide, and online roaming services.
In order to further promote the application and development of the Internet in China, China Telecom has launched the three major cross -century projects of "government surfing the Internet", "enterprise online" and "family Internet access", and cooperated with foreign exchange nuclear sales, online customs declaration, online customs declaration , Electronic tax reporting, electronic banking, electronic securities, remote medical, remote teaching and other online applications.
In 1994, the China Telecom Data Communication Bureau was established to be responsible for the planning, construction, operation, and management of ChinaNet, and organized and planned the development and operation of China Telecom's national data business. Relying on network resources and telecommunications infrastructure, data communication networks such as IP, DDN, X.25 have been built, as well as various resource platforms and application platforms.
as network construction, the data communication business has also made great progress. China Telecom data communication users have doubled every six months, from only 2,000 households in 1994 to 15.55 million at the end of 2000; more than 130 national group users, all over the government, banks, customs, taxes, enterprises, colleges and universities , Finance and other fields. At the end of June 2001, it reached 22.74 million.
Introduction to China Telecom
The official unveiling of China Telecom Group Corporation on May 17, 2000. China Telecom Group Corporation is a large state -owned enterprise formed by the original post and telecommunications system to work separately, post and telecommunications, and separate the search, mobile, satellite and other businesses after being separated from the original China Telecom. China Telecom Corporation's registered capital is 222 billion yuan. At present, it mainly operates various domestic and international fixed telecommunications networks and facilities, including local wireless loops, based on the telecommunications network's voice, data, image and multimedia communication and information services; as well as related system integration and technology development businesses. China Telecom Group Corporation has 31 wholly -owned provincial enterprises, 6 holdings and participating companies and 5 direct units.
Im Unicom data
The China Unicom is the only full -business operator in China. Its business covers basic telecommunications business and value -added business such as mobile phonetic, fixed speaking, wireless pumping, data communication and satellite communication.
Ifly that the current data business occupies a small share in the entire telecommunications revenue, China Unicom's future business development is still based on words and data. China Unicom chose the technical route of IP ATM to try to form a unified backbone platform for fusion, images and multimedia business.
March 1999, China Unicom was qualified to operate the international Internet business, marking the beginning of entering the data communication market.
On August 16, 2000, China Unicom, which has just been listed in New York and Hong Kong, announced the successful opening of the Internet and data communication business.
In China Unicom stated in the prospectus that the reorganization will be reorganized as "a comprehensive telecommunications service operator including mobile communication, paging, long -distance telephone, data and internet services."
In August 1, 2001, China Unicom has opened a wireless data business nationwide- "Uni-Info".
At present, China Unicom's data network has covered 127 cities in China, and the 165 special line access business has been opened, and 165 dial -up access services are opened in 74 cities including Beijing and Shanghai. It is expected that in September, China Unicom's 165 dial -up access cities will reach 129, and IP phone number will reach 220 in October.
, what kind of technology is selected to build data networks, there are large differences within Unicom. This is mainly concerned about data communication benefits, and it is also closely related to Unicom's market positioning.
The products of breaking the monopoly, Unicom has a fatal defect: unable to operate a fixed -line business. China Unicom lacks pipelines and access network resources, and both are almost occupied by China Telecom. Comprehensive telecommunications operators without fixed -line networks are not long.
In Unicom's business focus is still on mature mobile communication. As of the end of June this year, China Unicom's mobile phone users have exceeded 30 million, and the market share has reached 26.3 %. 2.24 million registered users of long -distance telephone and 14.26 million telephone cards. The cumulative Internet account and card users reached 1.174 million, which was 2.8 times the end of last year. At present, China Unicom has a total investment of 700 million, including 120 million in Chongqing, 180 million in Chengdu, and 400 million in Tianjin; investment in GSM mobile business is about 100 billion yuan, and the expected investment in CDMA is 12.1 billion U.S. dollars.
The China Unicom Mobile Communication Network has basically built a national GSM network after nearly 6 years, with a capacity of 34 million households, opened 328 cities, and opened international roaming business of 62 operators in more than 42 countries and regions at the same time. Essence The CDMA network will be officially opened at the end of this year. The total capacity of the first phase of the project will reach 13.3 million, covering nearly 300 cities in 31 provinces, districts, and cities across the country. It is planned to reach 55-60 million CDMA users from 2005, and the market share will reach 35 %.
In Introduction
The China United Communication Co., Ltd. was established on July 19, 1994, and established more than 300 branches and subsidiaries in 30 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities across the country. On June 21 and 22, 2000, China Unicom Co., Ltd. was listed in New York and Hong Kong. In the next few years, China Unicom will adhere to the development strategy of "two new, two highs, one comprehensive" (establishing new mechanisms, building new networks, adopting high -tech, realizing high growth, and development comprehensive business). International and domestic long -distance communication is the key business, and strive to build a world -class telecommunications company, contributing to the promotion of the national economy and social informatization.
Cope mobile phone business of China Mobile and China Unicom
The number of users of telecommunications operators (2001.6) Market share covering regional network types
5.9 million73.73.7 % of China Mobile Most counties (cities) GSM
In China Unicom 30.3 million 26.3 % opened 328 GSM, CDMA
mobile transition
It has exceeded 65 million. As China Mobile has established the leading position of wireless voice business, data communication will become the next growth point.
The China Mobile Internet (CMNet) is a IP network in planning. It started in March 2000, mainly providing WAP -based mobile Internet services for GSM users. On May 17, the CMNET Experimental Network opened. The first phase of the project has a backbone node in 31 provincial capital cities across the country, which can provide mobile broadband information services such as voice, data, images, and multimedia.
Different from Netcom, the data network of China Mobile has not focused on the construction focus on the transmission network infrastructure. In terms of access networks, CMNet is limited by transmission, and its GSM local network allows mobile phone users to access the backbone. However, the method of connecting with NAS through the GSM wireless channel will lead to difficulty in business deployment. In an emergency environment, the serial rate of 9.6K cannot meet the "last mile" requirements of high -speed access.
At present, GSM can only carry low -speed circuit -type data services, and it must transition to a third -generation mobile communication providing high -speed access.
On July 9, 2001, the long -breaking China Mobile GPRS business was trial -commercial in 25 cities in 16 provinces across the country with a capacity of 400,000. It is expected to be officially opened to users in October this year.
Compared with the traditional circuit -based data -based data business, GPRS (General Wireless Grouping Business) has the characteristics of permanent online, freely switching according to traffic, and free switching of voice data. As a solution to the third generation, GPRS is suitable for mobile data business that is booming.
If foreign authoritative institutions estimated that CDMA has technical advantages in supporting data communication than GPRS, but without investing in WCDMA, China Mobile, the world's largest GSM network, is GPRS. GPRS mobile phones often have the phenomenon of data loss when the body temperature is too high and the base station switching. China Mobile's GSM network frequency width supports up to 100 million users. If it is used with GPRS, can it be overwhelmed?
Is after launching "Mobile Dream Network", China Mobile is very clear about its positioning in the value chain: as a basic platform provider, clearly proposed the method of income with ISP income. Since February, short -term message, mobile data and application supplier profits sharing. With the increasing maturity of wireless data transmission technology, SMS services have spawned huge mobile business opportunities.
As of the end of June, the Chinese mobile phone market has 117 million users. The data business such as mobile phone short message accounts for only 1 %, and this ratio may become 80:20. With the emergence of the next -generation group exchange network, the data business will account for 45 % of the entire mobile business by 2003.
The data of the Ministry of Information Industry shows that the sending volume of mobile phone SMS this year will reach 10 billion, and the market value will reach 1 billion yuan. China Mobile's short news last year was 250 million, and this year's forecast target was 1 billion. SMS is just the tip of Jinshan in the mobile Internet.
In Introduction
The China Mobile Communications Group Corporation is a new state -owned backbone enterprise based on the separation of the original China Telecom Mobile Communication Network and business. It was officially established on April 20, 2000, with a registered capital of 51.8 billion Yuan RMB, a total of 114,500 employees. China Mobile has wholly -owned subsidiaries in 18 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in my country, and wholly owns China Mobile (Hong Kong) Group Co., Ltd. China Mobile implements the management of the communication industry by the Ministry of Information Industry; the financial relations are affiliated to the Ministry of Finance; the implementation of the national plan is a single column. The company's long -term development plans and the annual plan are included in the overall planning and annual comprehensive plan of the national communication development.
It Ji Tong later settled in
Gongtong was one of the earliest companies involved in the data communication field. 7 years of storms made Jitong into China's second -largest data communication provider.
The main businesses: Internet access, frame relay and asynchronous data transmission through fiber and microwave and dedicated line connections, including virtual hosting, server hosting, VPN value -added services, and international and domestic long -distance IP phones.
since its establishment in 1994, as the only owner of the "Golden Bridge Project", Jitong "more carried the history of the Chinese telecommunications industry."
"Covering the sky", Jitong cuts in from the satellite business. It has 180 satellite ground stations and nearly 10,000 kilometers of fiber resources, and the transmission band is 622m. "It is more needed to make a backup", covering the fiber network that cannot reach the fiber network.
It 1995 The Internet is a turnaround. In September of that year, Jinqiao.com, as one of the two major Internet units in China, obtained international channel export rights, which broke the situation of China Telecom's exclusive monopoly in the ISP field.
"If you draw a mileage, it is an IP phone number", the data and the voice begin to combine. On May 17, 1999, the IP telephone test network was opened, and Jitong, who focused on the data business, found an opportunity to cut into telecommunications operators. In 2000, Jitong officially obtained the permission to operate IP calls.
Guitong IP telephone number of 1000E1, which has reached more than 110 cities, 190 countries and regions across the country, and can roam in more than 30 countries internationally. On August 9, 2001, Jitong cooperated with the US iPass to open a global roaming 167 dial -up online special service number in more than 150 countries.
Since 1999, Jitong has built the ATM/FR network in 16 cities, and began to transition from the initial satellite communication network to the fiber transmission network. At present, there are 110 contacts in the country's backbone network, with a total length of more than 10,000 kilometers. The transmission bandwidth reaches 155m. It will expand to 622m. The total export bandwidth is 150m, which is about to expand to 460m. It is expected that by the end of next year, the construction of a 40G optical fiber network will be completed. The three -story network optimization structure of the backbone network, the provincial network, and the city network has been initially formed, and it will evolve to the high -speed broadband comprehensive business communication network.
The telecommunications business license obtained by Jitong is: VAST and Microwave Communications (1995), Internet International, Domestic Business (1996), ATM/FR International, Domestic Business (1999), IP Phone International, Domestic, Domestic Business (2000).
The product chain, Jitong's data business is divided into three major pieces: Internet access business; frame relay and VPN, second only to China Telecom, covering 20 cities across the country; hosting business, 128 cities across the country.
In statistics from IDC at the end of last year, the annual growth rate of data business was 25.6 %. In 1999, China's entire data business revenue was US $ 160 million, and in 2004, it reached 500 million; the access market was 150 million, and it would reach 400 million by 2004.
"It doesn't mean we want to aim in the past, but to aim in the future."
Ji Tong profile
Gitto Communications Co., Ltd. was approved by the State Economic and Trade Commission, on January 12, 1994 at the State Administration for Industry and Commerce The Authority is registered and established. It is a joint -stock company and leadership of the Ministry of Information Industry, which consists of ten large state -owned enterprises such as Rainbow Group Corporation, China Electronics Information Industry Group Corporation, and SDIC Electronics Company, and other domestic electronics, communications and financial industries. Jitong is the owner of the National Public Economic Information and Communication Network, and undertakes the construction, operation and management of the Golden Bridge project. Jitong currently has 128 branches and more than 2,000 people nationwide.
It Netcom Data Dream
It two years ago, the resolute choice to rise to the rise of Netcom. In ATM and IP, IP eventually became winners. With IP as the core competitiveness, the broadband backbone network operator of data business has a broadband dream.
The growth rate of 100 % of Chinese data communication has excited Netcom. The data business will dominate Netcom, and it will account for half or more of Netcom's operating income. Netcom wants to capture 10 % data share.
Ovoid construction
The data business is an important development strategy for Netcom. Of course, this dominant position is not established from the beginning. Last year, the data business was only 25%of Netcom's operating income, and more from voice. With the construction of the backbone network, the data proportion of Netcom will rise.
The network construction of Netcom can be divided into two levels. The first is the construction of basic networks (), which is rolled out of the country to be operators. On December 28, 2000, Netcom's full fiber broadband Internet CNCNET based on IP protocol and dense wave duplication technology (IP/DWDM) opened and put into operation, with a total length of 8490 kilometers and a bandwidth of 40g. It connects 17 key cities in eastern China. After the third phase of the project, Netcom has covered more than 120 cities in China, with a total length of 12,000 kilometers, and will reach more than 20,000 kilometers in the future.
The set of business network construction, voice, dedicated line, VPN, satellite and other customer needs, from urban area network, backbone network to international line network, submarine optical cable construction. Netcom has built VOIP network, international frame relay network and international bureau, with 355M international export bandwidth, Internet -based access to provide a 2M to 622M rate port, and supports various access to SDH, ATM, DDN, FR, satellite and other diversified access.
The international bandwidth business is a long -term strategy. Netcom actively participated in the construction of APCN2, China and the United States II. On July 15, 2001, the "Fuxing" of the construction ship "Fu Xing" slowly released the China Netcom International Sea Cable. After Netcom became China Telecom, the telecommunications company with international seas and landing stations in mainland China will be mainly countries. Operators provide bandwidth resources and services at the transmission level.
The broadband access
2001 is the year of Netcom's broadband access. Netcom's shareholder composition is imaginative: using the national backbone network of the railway and the urban cable network of radio and television to transform IP technology to solve the nationwide network and regional access. But this is just "the ideal result of logical reasoning."
The construction process from the urban area network to the access network has been planned. Since last year, Netcom has begun construction in urban network networks in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen. It has been fully launched in 17 cities across the country with 100,000 users. Such successful as Ningbo, Zhejiang.
The people have previously disagreed about Netcom's 40G fiber backbone network, and no matter how large the capacity is, the advantage cannot be extended to the user desktop. Nowadays, Netcom has set off a fire in the community and alleys. The "cooperation model is very positive". The target of the number of users is 8 million to 10 million. Netcom has achieved broadband access to communities in various places, and conducts upstream and downstream measures such as Chongqing Broadband Network and cooperation with the National Information Center. The Hangzhou Netcom Information Port, a joint venture with Radio and Television, has been successful, and has access to 10,000 customers in less than 6 months. Netcom's "Hangzhou Test" will be able to copy and stretch to the whole country.
"operators' operators" are also inseparable from the cooperation of virtual operators. Netcom provides bandwidth rental for Tietong and Century Interconnection. Netcom cooperates with China Mobile, Jitong, and even cooperates with Xun and TOM to provide roaming and international entrance services for ISPs in various places, and implement the "ISP Alliance Plan".
"We are a large network of nets." Netcom hopes to make the biological chain of the market richer together, and hope that the IP industry will be coexisting. "The network economy is an ecological economy. Broadband is the most basic grass in this ecosystem."
The introduction of Netcom
On February 11, 1999, at the State Council's Office of the State Council, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Broadcasting Film and Television The "China High -speed Internet Demonstration Project" project proposed by the General Administration of China, the Ministry of Railways, and the Shanghai Municipal Government was affirmed. On April 9, according to the relevant documents of the State Council and the competent authority, the Quartet held a meeting and decided to jointly establish a joint establishment of China Network Communications Co., Ltd. to undertake the construction and operation of high -speed Internet network demonstration projects. The meeting became the first board of directors of China Netcom. On August 6, obtained a business license issued by the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, which announced the birth of China.com. China Netcom is committed to the construction of a new generation of telecommunications infrastructure to provide comprehensive broadband telecommunications services.
The Guangwei Watch
The satellite business in my country began in 1965. The real satellite communication begins in the mid -1980s. On April 8, 1984, the first "Oriental Red II" Earth Static Rail Communication Satellite was successfully launched. At present, my country has taken off 9 communication radio satellites, three domestic domestic, oriental satellites, and Xinnuo, three Asian satellite companies, and three Asia -Pacific.
I. as the largest satellite company in the country, China Radio and Communication Satellite Company has attracted attention again. The formation of China Satellite Communications Group, which has begun since last year, has entered the end. Witong hopes to become the largest satellite operating enterprise in the Asia-Pacific region through purchase and cooperation, and its domestic share accounts for 70-80 %. The data business of China Broadcasting is looking forward to "big integration".
The domestic VSAT communications business mainly served the voice in the early 1990s. With the rapid development of fixed telephone networks, VSAT communication gradually shrinks. In the mid -1990s, the wireless paging network promoted the application of VSAT in low -speed data communication. In recent years, VSAT communication has been combined with the Internet and multimedia, providing services such as high -speed Internet access and interactive remote education.
In 1998, when Guangzhou Xin Netcom set off a satellite access to the market, China Guangwei was still arguing that it could not do it. In October last year, Shuangwei's dust, China Guangwei began the test operation of the satellite Internet business. It adopted the US Hughes DirCTPC to push the "Zhongxing Online" high -speed satellite access and multimedia broadcast service. The most E family. " Formal business operation in February 2001.
The Zhongwei network resources basically have three major pieces: about 75 % of the backbone network, which has been opened at the end of last year; more than ten percent of the access network has been connected for more than half a year; less than 10 % of the remaining 10 % of them are done in China. CDN (satellite and content distribution network) emerging in the U.S. -US sub -optical cable accident.
For more than ten years, the state has been inclined and supported by China ’s strong policies. China Telecom currently rent 23 transmitters of the "Oriental Red III" star (a total of 24 forwarders of the Star) of China -Guangwei, which is used for the transmission backup of some phonetic business, which is also the main source of income from China Guangwei. "We provide satellite channels, and China Unicom's 45M exports are also made through us."
It, Huang Rui, general manager of Zhongguang Zhongxing Online, the exit band width is larger than the satellite channel itself, and the price of satellite channels " "The rigidity is relatively large", and the cost of 15 years of satellites is set there. As we all know, satellite access is asymmetric, nominal value of 400kbps, and its downlink and uplink business ratio is about 8: 1. Compared with traditional access modes such as DDN and ISDN, China -Guangwei has some advantages; Because the satellite "extension is farther than it", and it is implemented faster, "It hasn't reached that place, I use it first, you have used it for two years, you let me let you go."
The market itself is limited, and its global share is 15-20 %. China-Guangzhouwei "not only does a satellite access", seeking a full-business development. There are optical cable backbone networks (the road where Ji Jitong took the year), and was also fighting for 3G licenses. China Broadcasting, which has an ISP license, will "get the permit of the IP phone immediately", the number is 17930; it is also applying for a wireless access license with a 2.5G (frequency) (frequency). China Guangwei is preparing to cooperate with some ISP and ICP to broadcast the content through satellite channels to small ISP or closer to users. The other direction is distance education.
The introduction of China Guangwei
The China Communication and Broadcasting Satellite Company (ChinaASAT) was established in 1985. It is registered in the State Administration for Industry and Commerce. It is the first state -owned enterprise in China to operate satellite communication and broadcasting business. RMB 100 million, belongs to the Ministry of Information Industry. China Guangwei now has two satellites: "Zhongxing 6" and "Zhongxing 8". Among them, "Zhongxing 6" has been operated on the orbit. The company operates multiple VSAT systems, with 2,000 single and two -way user stations, serving civil aviation tickets, marine forecasting, earthquake monitoring, financial consulting, futures securities, phonetic communication, and wireless data and high -speed data. Entrusted by the competent national authority, China Guangwei and the "Global Star" satellite mobile communication system signed an investment and cooperation agreement to be responsible for the operation of the domestic satellite mobile communications business. In order to further promote the process of national economic informatization, China Guangwei is focusing on the development of multimedia communication systems, broadband high -speed data transmission systems, and satellite rural telephone systems based on satellite communication technology.
The new biography of Tietong veterans
among the seven major telecommunications operators, "Dark Horse" Tietong is most likely to "fight" with China Telecom in data communication. Tietong is very confident. "Our data network is equivalent to China Telecom." Zhou Huilin, the technical director of Tietong, said that the data business is "larger than the fixed -line (10 %)."
Fromicizing the number of nationwide and the realization of interconnection, the data business will "definitely be the second largest selling point of Tietong" in the future. With its backbone network and access network, the MIS information management system in the road will also "surface."
The whole network
The biggest advantage of Telecom in the telecommunications market: "The whole network"; adopted "human sea tactics", 70,000 people distributed on a 120,000 -kilometer line; there is also policy policy; Advantages, "Railway is also a national monopoly enterprise, allowing Railway to use the railway operating rights to build optical cables. Optical cables follow the railway, designing, survey, and laying lines are very simple. One of the three major communication networks in the country, with a communication network along the 70,000 -kilometer railway and a 120,000 -kilometer long -distance communication line, of which the trunk optical cable is 70,000 kilometers and the digital microwave is 12,000 kilometers. The telephone has covered more than 500 cities, more than 700 counties and town in China. Tietong also opened the Internet that operates 36 cities and Wireless Porch Networks in more than 1,300 cities. Its television conference network, which adopts the latest technology, has covered more than 70 large and medium cities across the country.
Where there are railways, there will be Tietong.
In Railway is put into operation, provides railways and the public: fixed telephones, domestic long -distance, local telephone, fax and telegram, access services, paging and even satellite and cable television conferences, nationwide public data transmission And communication networks such as rental and sale. Tietong will also use its special network advantages to vigorously develop a large customer strategy. Toto's operating income in 2001 was 6 billion yuan; the local telephone users exceeded 5 million households and developed 10,000 large customers; 100,000 Internet dial -up users were developed, and 500,000 paging users were added.
but a network in the country cannot run without legs. Although the railway network is the second largest communications network in the country, it only covers the railway line; different technical bifurcation protection is used instead of the Elephant Telecom Public Network with a roundabout structure of the ring. The bandwidth is limited; the local network is weak. "Telecom -level" network. To meet the requirements of the public network, Tietong needs to transform the transmission network, exchange network, data and multimedia networks, and urban area networks.
On July 12, 2001, Tietong opened the first phase of DWDM/SDH fiber optic backbone network project with 9,800 kilometers and 400G bandwidth. Several rings in the southwest, northwest, northeast, and southeast are stepping up construction. It is expected that it will be fully opened at the end of November.
The strategic significance of Tieyun 400G optical fiber backbone network is greater than substantive content. It lays the foundation for Tietong to provide comprehensive telecommunications services. Tietong will be promoted and expanded in the future.
The biggest business opportunities are the network rent. "The country only allows China Telecom, Unicom and Tietong to rent the three telecommunications operators." In this regard, "We have some advantages, because the larger the Internet, the more scheduling Zhang Lu can play your superiority. However, because we have just built, especially the access parts still have some difficulties."
local access Net is the basis for Tietong to develop telephone users, and it is also a weak link of Tietong. Earlier this year, Tietong launched the local network expansion and transformation project, mainly developing the access network technology such as fiber access and user digital loops, so that local exchange capabilities reached 15 million lines.
"Internal and external roads"
Due to historical reasons, railway communication has been responsible for the communication services of the internal system of the railway road. The railway is now preparing for the fourth national speed speed up and has higher requirements for communication services.
It is to meet the needs of the real -time management system of railway transportation, Tietong began to build a data network. "At that time, it was X.25 (a group exchange mode of a wide area network), and there were more than 2,500 lines." . China Telecom has just started to build ports of 30,000, and our Ministry of Railways is 50,000! "
, due to the establishment of a few special networks, the development speed of Tietong Data Network has limited development speed, and the data business has a large The special nature is still in the "road".
The data network of Tietong has completed the transformation of the third phase of the project, which basically covers large and medium -sized cities across the country. Systems such as ticket networking system (PMIS) and real -time tracking system (DMIS). In addition, Tietong provides line services for large IP operators, providing large customers with frames, ATM-PVC/SVC, VPN and other businesses. In order to cover more cities for IP phone networks, Tietong also launched the expansion of the IP phone network.
In four basic projects — the exchange network 15 million lines, the national broadband network, high -speed Internet, and comprehensive information service system based on the national unified platforms based on the Beijing -Shanghai Sui High -speed Ring. The role of a telecommunications integrated information service provider.
Introduction to Railway
The China Railway Communication Information Co., Ltd. is approved by the State Council and approved by the Ministry of Information Industry. Family shareholders (totaling 49 %) jointly invested in a state -owned telecommunications operation enterprise. The company is an independent legal entity operating independently and self -profit and loss. Tietong has branches in four municipalities and 29 provincial capital cities across the country, with total assets of 13.6 billion yuan, registered capital of 10.3 billion yuan, and nearly 70,000 employees. Trone is currently managed by the Ministry of Railways and accepted the industry management of the competent telecommunications industry department of the State Council.

2 thoughts on “small jewelry boxes wholesale What are the seven of the original communication operators in China?”

Scott
November 22, 2022 at 9:44 pm

septum jewelry 14g wholesale China Mobile, China Unicom, China Telecom, China Netcom, China Railway, China Gittong, China Weitong, should be these seven. I hope to see the answer time and hope to adopt

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Delbert
November 22, 2022 at 9:44 pm

wholesale jewelry chains China Telecom
With the gradual opening of the telecommunications market, China Telecom's traditional advantages have been split, establishing three major key businesses: one is a fixed phone that occupies a monopoly position; the second is the lease of optical cables and optical fiber; and the third is the Internet business.
The China Telecom has formed a data communication network, and has been built into a group network, DDN network, frame relay/ATM network, and China Public Computer Internet (Chinanet), which can provide comprehensive and full -business data communication services. Lile the network foundation of China informatization.
Thinanet is China's largest public Internet Internet. It was completed in 1996, the backbone network of ChinaNet, with a total of 32 nodes on the entire network. By the end of 2000, ChinaNet has a total domestic bandwidth of 800G, covering more than 230 cities across the country, and can provide access services in all places where telephone access. The total bandwidth of international exports exceeds 2G. At the same time, with ChinaPac, Chinaddn, ChinaFrn, and frame relay, users can choose to dial -up, group exchange network, frame relay, and dedicated line access. In the second half of 2000, Chinanet conducted large-scale expansion to further provide multi-level communication services, such as IP-VPN, IDC, ChinaNet nationwide, and online roaming services.
In order to further promote the application and development of the Internet in China, China Telecom has launched the three major cross -century projects of "government surfing the Internet", "enterprise online" and "family Internet access", and cooperated with foreign exchange nuclear sales, online customs declaration, online customs declaration , Electronic tax reporting, electronic banking, electronic securities, remote medical, remote teaching and other online applications.
In 1994, the China Telecom Data Communication Bureau was established to be responsible for the planning, construction, operation, and management of ChinaNet, and organized and planned the development and operation of China Telecom's national data business. Relying on network resources and telecommunications infrastructure, data communication networks such as IP, DDN, X.25 have been built, as well as various resource platforms and application platforms.
as network construction, the data communication business has also made great progress. China Telecom data communication users have doubled every six months, from only 2,000 households in 1994 to 15.55 million at the end of 2000; more than 130 national group users, all over the government, banks, customs, taxes, enterprises, colleges and universities , Finance and other fields. At the end of June 2001, it reached 22.74 million.
Introduction to China Telecom
The official unveiling of China Telecom Group Corporation on May 17, 2000. China Telecom Group Corporation is a large state -owned enterprise formed by the original post and telecommunications system to work separately, post and telecommunications, and separate the search, mobile, satellite and other businesses after being separated from the original China Telecom. China Telecom Corporation's registered capital is 222 billion yuan. At present, it mainly operates various domestic and international fixed telecommunications networks and facilities, including local wireless loops, based on the telecommunications network's voice, data, image and multimedia communication and information services; as well as related system integration and technology development businesses. China Telecom Group Corporation has 31 wholly -owned provincial enterprises, 6 holdings and participating companies and 5 direct units.
Im Unicom data
The China Unicom is the only full -business operator in China. Its business covers basic telecommunications business and value -added business such as mobile phonetic, fixed speaking, wireless pumping, data communication and satellite communication.
Ifly that the current data business occupies a small share in the entire telecommunications revenue, China Unicom's future business development is still based on words and data. China Unicom chose the technical route of IP ATM to try to form a unified backbone platform for fusion, images and multimedia business.
March 1999, China Unicom was qualified to operate the international Internet business, marking the beginning of entering the data communication market.
On August 16, 2000, China Unicom, which has just been listed in New York and Hong Kong, announced the successful opening of the Internet and data communication business.
In China Unicom stated in the prospectus that the reorganization will be reorganized as "a comprehensive telecommunications service operator including mobile communication, paging, long -distance telephone, data and internet services."
In August 1, 2001, China Unicom has opened a wireless data business nationwide- "Uni-Info".
At present, China Unicom's data network has covered 127 cities in China, and the 165 special line access business has been opened, and 165 dial -up access services are opened in 74 cities including Beijing and Shanghai. It is expected that in September, China Unicom's 165 dial -up access cities will reach 129, and IP phone number will reach 220 in October.
, what kind of technology is selected to build data networks, there are large differences within Unicom. This is mainly concerned about data communication benefits, and it is also closely related to Unicom's market positioning.
The products of breaking the monopoly, Unicom has a fatal defect: unable to operate a fixed -line business. China Unicom lacks pipelines and access network resources, and both are almost occupied by China Telecom. Comprehensive telecommunications operators without fixed -line networks are not long.
In Unicom's business focus is still on mature mobile communication. As of the end of June this year, China Unicom's mobile phone users have exceeded 30 million, and the market share has reached 26.3 %. 2.24 million registered users of long -distance telephone and 14.26 million telephone cards. The cumulative Internet account and card users reached 1.174 million, which was 2.8 times the end of last year. At present, China Unicom has a total investment of 700 million, including 120 million in Chongqing, 180 million in Chengdu, and 400 million in Tianjin; investment in GSM mobile business is about 100 billion yuan, and the expected investment in CDMA is 12.1 billion U.S. dollars.
The China Unicom Mobile Communication Network has basically built a national GSM network after nearly 6 years, with a capacity of 34 million households, opened 328 cities, and opened international roaming business of 62 operators in more than 42 countries and regions at the same time. Essence The CDMA network will be officially opened at the end of this year. The total capacity of the first phase of the project will reach 13.3 million, covering nearly 300 cities in 31 provinces, districts, and cities across the country. It is planned to reach 55-60 million CDMA users from 2005, and the market share will reach 35 %.
In Introduction
The China United Communication Co., Ltd. was established on July 19, 1994, and established more than 300 branches and subsidiaries in 30 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities across the country. On June 21 and 22, 2000, China Unicom Co., Ltd. was listed in New York and Hong Kong. In the next few years, China Unicom will adhere to the development strategy of "two new, two highs, one comprehensive" (establishing new mechanisms, building new networks, adopting high -tech, realizing high growth, and development comprehensive business). International and domestic long -distance communication is the key business, and strive to build a world -class telecommunications company, contributing to the promotion of the national economy and social informatization.
Cope mobile phone business of China Mobile and China Unicom
The number of users of telecommunications operators (2001.6) Market share covering regional network types
5.9 million73.73.7 % of China Mobile Most counties (cities) GSM
In China Unicom 30.3 million 26.3 % opened 328 GSM, CDMA
mobile transition
It has exceeded 65 million. As China Mobile has established the leading position of wireless voice business, data communication will become the next growth point.
The China Mobile Internet (CMNet) is a IP network in planning. It started in March 2000, mainly providing WAP -based mobile Internet services for GSM users. On May 17, the CMNET Experimental Network opened. The first phase of the project has a backbone node in 31 provincial capital cities across the country, which can provide mobile broadband information services such as voice, data, images, and multimedia.
Different from Netcom, the data network of China Mobile has not focused on the construction focus on the transmission network infrastructure. In terms of access networks, CMNet is limited by transmission, and its GSM local network allows mobile phone users to access the backbone. However, the method of connecting with NAS through the GSM wireless channel will lead to difficulty in business deployment. In an emergency environment, the serial rate of 9.6K cannot meet the "last mile" requirements of high -speed access.
At present, GSM can only carry low -speed circuit -type data services, and it must transition to a third -generation mobile communication providing high -speed access.
On July 9, 2001, the long -breaking China Mobile GPRS business was trial -commercial in 25 cities in 16 provinces across the country with a capacity of 400,000. It is expected to be officially opened to users in October this year.
Compared with the traditional circuit -based data -based data business, GPRS (General Wireless Grouping Business) has the characteristics of permanent online, freely switching according to traffic, and free switching of voice data. As a solution to the third generation, GPRS is suitable for mobile data business that is booming.
If foreign authoritative institutions estimated that CDMA has technical advantages in supporting data communication than GPRS, but without investing in WCDMA, China Mobile, the world's largest GSM network, is GPRS. GPRS mobile phones often have the phenomenon of data loss when the body temperature is too high and the base station switching. China Mobile's GSM network frequency width supports up to 100 million users. If it is used with GPRS, can it be overwhelmed?
Is after launching "Mobile Dream Network", China Mobile is very clear about its positioning in the value chain: as a basic platform provider, clearly proposed the method of income with ISP income. Since February, short -term message, mobile data and application supplier profits sharing. With the increasing maturity of wireless data transmission technology, SMS services have spawned huge mobile business opportunities.
As of the end of June, the Chinese mobile phone market has 117 million users. The data business such as mobile phone short message accounts for only 1 %, and this ratio may become 80:20. With the emergence of the next -generation group exchange network, the data business will account for 45 % of the entire mobile business by 2003.
The data of the Ministry of Information Industry shows that the sending volume of mobile phone SMS this year will reach 10 billion, and the market value will reach 1 billion yuan. China Mobile's short news last year was 250 million, and this year's forecast target was 1 billion. SMS is just the tip of Jinshan in the mobile Internet.
In Introduction
The China Mobile Communications Group Corporation is a new state -owned backbone enterprise based on the separation of the original China Telecom Mobile Communication Network and business. It was officially established on April 20, 2000, with a registered capital of 51.8 billion Yuan RMB, a total of 114,500 employees. China Mobile has wholly -owned subsidiaries in 18 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in my country, and wholly owns China Mobile (Hong Kong) Group Co., Ltd. China Mobile implements the management of the communication industry by the Ministry of Information Industry; the financial relations are affiliated to the Ministry of Finance; the implementation of the national plan is a single column. The company's long -term development plans and the annual plan are included in the overall planning and annual comprehensive plan of the national communication development.
It Ji Tong later settled in
Gongtong was one of the earliest companies involved in the data communication field. 7 years of storms made Jitong into China's second -largest data communication provider.
The main businesses: Internet access, frame relay and asynchronous data transmission through fiber and microwave and dedicated line connections, including virtual hosting, server hosting, VPN value -added services, and international and domestic long -distance IP phones.
since its establishment in 1994, as the only owner of the "Golden Bridge Project", Jitong "more carried the history of the Chinese telecommunications industry."
"Covering the sky", Jitong cuts in from the satellite business. It has 180 satellite ground stations and nearly 10,000 kilometers of fiber resources, and the transmission band is 622m. "It is more needed to make a backup", covering the fiber network that cannot reach the fiber network.
It 1995 The Internet is a turnaround. In September of that year, Jinqiao.com, as one of the two major Internet units in China, obtained international channel export rights, which broke the situation of China Telecom's exclusive monopoly in the ISP field.
"If you draw a mileage, it is an IP phone number", the data and the voice begin to combine. On May 17, 1999, the IP telephone test network was opened, and Jitong, who focused on the data business, found an opportunity to cut into telecommunications operators. In 2000, Jitong officially obtained the permission to operate IP calls.
Guitong IP telephone number of 1000E1, which has reached more than 110 cities, 190 countries and regions across the country, and can roam in more than 30 countries internationally. On August 9, 2001, Jitong cooperated with the US iPass to open a global roaming 167 dial -up online special service number in more than 150 countries.
Since 1999, Jitong has built the ATM/FR network in 16 cities, and began to transition from the initial satellite communication network to the fiber transmission network. At present, there are 110 contacts in the country's backbone network, with a total length of more than 10,000 kilometers. The transmission bandwidth reaches 155m. It will expand to 622m. The total export bandwidth is 150m, which is about to expand to 460m. It is expected that by the end of next year, the construction of a 40G optical fiber network will be completed. The three -story network optimization structure of the backbone network, the provincial network, and the city network has been initially formed, and it will evolve to the high -speed broadband comprehensive business communication network.
The telecommunications business license obtained by Jitong is: VAST and Microwave Communications (1995), Internet International, Domestic Business (1996), ATM/FR International, Domestic Business (1999), IP Phone International, Domestic, Domestic Business (2000).
The product chain, Jitong's data business is divided into three major pieces: Internet access business; frame relay and VPN, second only to China Telecom, covering 20 cities across the country; hosting business, 128 cities across the country.
In statistics from IDC at the end of last year, the annual growth rate of data business was 25.6 %. In 1999, China's entire data business revenue was US $ 160 million, and in 2004, it reached 500 million; the access market was 150 million, and it would reach 400 million by 2004.
"It doesn't mean we want to aim in the past, but to aim in the future."
Ji Tong profile
Gitto Communications Co., Ltd. was approved by the State Economic and Trade Commission, on January 12, 1994 at the State Administration for Industry and Commerce The Authority is registered and established. It is a joint -stock company and leadership of the Ministry of Information Industry, which consists of ten large state -owned enterprises such as Rainbow Group Corporation, China Electronics Information Industry Group Corporation, and SDIC Electronics Company, and other domestic electronics, communications and financial industries. Jitong is the owner of the National Public Economic Information and Communication Network, and undertakes the construction, operation and management of the Golden Bridge project. Jitong currently has 128 branches and more than 2,000 people nationwide.
It Netcom Data Dream
It two years ago, the resolute choice to rise to the rise of Netcom. In ATM and IP, IP eventually became winners. With IP as the core competitiveness, the broadband backbone network operator of data business has a broadband dream.
The growth rate of 100 % of Chinese data communication has excited Netcom. The data business will dominate Netcom, and it will account for half or more of Netcom's operating income. Netcom wants to capture 10 % data share.
Ovoid construction
The data business is an important development strategy for Netcom. Of course, this dominant position is not established from the beginning. Last year, the data business was only 25%of Netcom's operating income, and more from voice. With the construction of the backbone network, the data proportion of Netcom will rise.
The network construction of Netcom can be divided into two levels. The first is the construction of basic networks (), which is rolled out of the country to be operators. On December 28, 2000, Netcom's full fiber broadband Internet CNCNET based on IP protocol and dense wave duplication technology (IP/DWDM) opened and put into operation, with a total length of 8490 kilometers and a bandwidth of 40g. It connects 17 key cities in eastern China. After the third phase of the project, Netcom has covered more than 120 cities in China, with a total length of 12,000 kilometers, and will reach more than 20,000 kilometers in the future.
The set of business network construction, voice, dedicated line, VPN, satellite and other customer needs, from urban area network, backbone network to international line network, submarine optical cable construction. Netcom has built VOIP network, international frame relay network and international bureau, with 355M international export bandwidth, Internet -based access to provide a 2M to 622M rate port, and supports various access to SDH, ATM, DDN, FR, satellite and other diversified access.
The international bandwidth business is a long -term strategy. Netcom actively participated in the construction of APCN2, China and the United States II. On July 15, 2001, the "Fuxing" of the construction ship "Fu Xing" slowly released the China Netcom International Sea Cable. After Netcom became China Telecom, the telecommunications company with international seas and landing stations in mainland China will be mainly countries. Operators provide bandwidth resources and services at the transmission level.
The broadband access
2001 is the year of Netcom's broadband access. Netcom's shareholder composition is imaginative: using the national backbone network of the railway and the urban cable network of radio and television to transform IP technology to solve the nationwide network and regional access. But this is just "the ideal result of logical reasoning."
The construction process from the urban area network to the access network has been planned. Since last year, Netcom has begun construction in urban network networks in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen. It has been fully launched in 17 cities across the country with 100,000 users. Such successful as Ningbo, Zhejiang.
The people have previously disagreed about Netcom's 40G fiber backbone network, and no matter how large the capacity is, the advantage cannot be extended to the user desktop. Nowadays, Netcom has set off a fire in the community and alleys. The "cooperation model is very positive". The target of the number of users is 8 million to 10 million. Netcom has achieved broadband access to communities in various places, and conducts upstream and downstream measures such as Chongqing Broadband Network and cooperation with the National Information Center. The Hangzhou Netcom Information Port, a joint venture with Radio and Television, has been successful, and has access to 10,000 customers in less than 6 months. Netcom's "Hangzhou Test" will be able to copy and stretch to the whole country.
"operators' operators" are also inseparable from the cooperation of virtual operators. Netcom provides bandwidth rental for Tietong and Century Interconnection. Netcom cooperates with China Mobile, Jitong, and even cooperates with Xun and TOM to provide roaming and international entrance services for ISPs in various places, and implement the "ISP Alliance Plan".
"We are a large network of nets." Netcom hopes to make the biological chain of the market richer together, and hope that the IP industry will be coexisting. "The network economy is an ecological economy. Broadband is the most basic grass in this ecosystem."
The introduction of Netcom
On February 11, 1999, at the State Council's Office of the State Council, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Broadcasting Film and Television The "China High -speed Internet Demonstration Project" project proposed by the General Administration of China, the Ministry of Railways, and the Shanghai Municipal Government was affirmed. On April 9, according to the relevant documents of the State Council and the competent authority, the Quartet held a meeting and decided to jointly establish a joint establishment of China Network Communications Co., Ltd. to undertake the construction and operation of high -speed Internet network demonstration projects. The meeting became the first board of directors of China Netcom. On August 6, obtained a business license issued by the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, which announced the birth of China.com. China Netcom is committed to the construction of a new generation of telecommunications infrastructure to provide comprehensive broadband telecommunications services.
The Guangwei Watch
The satellite business in my country began in 1965. The real satellite communication begins in the mid -1980s. On April 8, 1984, the first "Oriental Red II" Earth Static Rail Communication Satellite was successfully launched. At present, my country has taken off 9 communication radio satellites, three domestic domestic, oriental satellites, and Xinnuo, three Asian satellite companies, and three Asia -Pacific.
I. as the largest satellite company in the country, China Radio and Communication Satellite Company has attracted attention again. The formation of China Satellite Communications Group, which has begun since last year, has entered the end. Witong hopes to become the largest satellite operating enterprise in the Asia-Pacific region through purchase and cooperation, and its domestic share accounts for 70-80 %. The data business of China Broadcasting is looking forward to "big integration".
The domestic VSAT communications business mainly served the voice in the early 1990s. With the rapid development of fixed telephone networks, VSAT communication gradually shrinks. In the mid -1990s, the wireless paging network promoted the application of VSAT in low -speed data communication. In recent years, VSAT communication has been combined with the Internet and multimedia, providing services such as high -speed Internet access and interactive remote education.
In 1998, when Guangzhou Xin Netcom set off a satellite access to the market, China Guangwei was still arguing that it could not do it. In October last year, Shuangwei's dust, China Guangwei began the test operation of the satellite Internet business. It adopted the US Hughes DirCTPC to push the "Zhongxing Online" high -speed satellite access and multimedia broadcast service. The most E family. " Formal business operation in February 2001.
The Zhongwei network resources basically have three major pieces: about 75 % of the backbone network, which has been opened at the end of last year; more than ten percent of the access network has been connected for more than half a year; less than 10 % of the remaining 10 % of them are done in China. CDN (satellite and content distribution network) emerging in the U.S. -US sub -optical cable accident.
For more than ten years, the state has been inclined and supported by China ’s strong policies. China Telecom currently rent 23 transmitters of the "Oriental Red III" star (a total of 24 forwarders of the Star) of China -Guangwei, which is used for the transmission backup of some phonetic business, which is also the main source of income from China Guangwei. "We provide satellite channels, and China Unicom's 45M exports are also made through us."
It, Huang Rui, general manager of Zhongguang Zhongxing Online, the exit band width is larger than the satellite channel itself, and the price of satellite channels " "The rigidity is relatively large", and the cost of 15 years of satellites is set there. As we all know, satellite access is asymmetric, nominal value of 400kbps, and its downlink and uplink business ratio is about 8: 1. Compared with traditional access modes such as DDN and ISDN, China -Guangwei has some advantages; Because the satellite "extension is farther than it", and it is implemented faster, "It hasn't reached that place, I use it first, you have used it for two years, you let me let you go."
The market itself is limited, and its global share is 15-20 %. China-Guangzhouwei "not only does a satellite access", seeking a full-business development. There are optical cable backbone networks (the road where Ji Jitong took the year), and was also fighting for 3G licenses. China Broadcasting, which has an ISP license, will "get the permit of the IP phone immediately", the number is 17930; it is also applying for a wireless access license with a 2.5G (frequency) (frequency). China Guangwei is preparing to cooperate with some ISP and ICP to broadcast the content through satellite channels to small ISP or closer to users. The other direction is distance education.
The introduction of China Guangwei
The China Communication and Broadcasting Satellite Company (ChinaASAT) was established in 1985. It is registered in the State Administration for Industry and Commerce. It is the first state -owned enterprise in China to operate satellite communication and broadcasting business. RMB 100 million, belongs to the Ministry of Information Industry. China Guangwei now has two satellites: "Zhongxing 6" and "Zhongxing 8". Among them, "Zhongxing 6" has been operated on the orbit. The company operates multiple VSAT systems, with 2,000 single and two -way user stations, serving civil aviation tickets, marine forecasting, earthquake monitoring, financial consulting, futures securities, phonetic communication, and wireless data and high -speed data. Entrusted by the competent national authority, China Guangwei and the "Global Star" satellite mobile communication system signed an investment and cooperation agreement to be responsible for the operation of the domestic satellite mobile communications business. In order to further promote the process of national economic informatization, China Guangwei is focusing on the development of multimedia communication systems, broadband high -speed data transmission systems, and satellite rural telephone systems based on satellite communication technology.
The new biography of Tietong veterans
among the seven major telecommunications operators, "Dark Horse" Tietong is most likely to "fight" with China Telecom in data communication. Tietong is very confident. "Our data network is equivalent to China Telecom." Zhou Huilin, the technical director of Tietong, said that the data business is "larger than the fixed -line (10 %)."
Fromicizing the number of nationwide and the realization of interconnection, the data business will "definitely be the second largest selling point of Tietong" in the future. With its backbone network and access network, the MIS information management system in the road will also "surface."
The whole network
The biggest advantage of Telecom in the telecommunications market: "The whole network"; adopted "human sea tactics", 70,000 people distributed on a 120,000 -kilometer line; there is also policy policy; Advantages, "Railway is also a national monopoly enterprise, allowing Railway to use the railway operating rights to build optical cables. Optical cables follow the railway, designing, survey, and laying lines are very simple. One of the three major communication networks in the country, with a communication network along the 70,000 -kilometer railway and a 120,000 -kilometer long -distance communication line, of which the trunk optical cable is 70,000 kilometers and the digital microwave is 12,000 kilometers. The telephone has covered more than 500 cities, more than 700 counties and town in China. Tietong also opened the Internet that operates 36 cities and Wireless Porch Networks in more than 1,300 cities. Its television conference network, which adopts the latest technology, has covered more than 70 large and medium cities across the country.
Where there are railways, there will be Tietong.
In Railway is put into operation, provides railways and the public: fixed telephones, domestic long -distance, local telephone, fax and telegram, access services, paging and even satellite and cable television conferences, nationwide public data transmission And communication networks such as rental and sale. Tietong will also use its special network advantages to vigorously develop a large customer strategy. Toto's operating income in 2001 was 6 billion yuan; the local telephone users exceeded 5 million households and developed 10,000 large customers; 100,000 Internet dial -up users were developed, and 500,000 paging users were added.
but a network in the country cannot run without legs. Although the railway network is the second largest communications network in the country, it only covers the railway line; different technical bifurcation protection is used instead of the Elephant Telecom Public Network with a roundabout structure of the ring. The bandwidth is limited; the local network is weak. "Telecom -level" network. To meet the requirements of the public network, Tietong needs to transform the transmission network, exchange network, data and multimedia networks, and urban area networks.
On July 12, 2001, Tietong opened the first phase of DWDM/SDH fiber optic backbone network project with 9,800 kilometers and 400G bandwidth. Several rings in the southwest, northwest, northeast, and southeast are stepping up construction. It is expected that it will be fully opened at the end of November.
The strategic significance of Tieyun 400G optical fiber backbone network is greater than substantive content. It lays the foundation for Tietong to provide comprehensive telecommunications services. Tietong will be promoted and expanded in the future.
The biggest business opportunities are the network rent. "The country only allows China Telecom, Unicom and Tietong to rent the three telecommunications operators." In this regard, "We have some advantages, because the larger the Internet, the more scheduling Zhang Lu can play your superiority. However, because we have just built, especially the access parts still have some difficulties."
local access Net is the basis for Tietong to develop telephone users, and it is also a weak link of Tietong. Earlier this year, Tietong launched the local network expansion and transformation project, mainly developing the access network technology such as fiber access and user digital loops, so that local exchange capabilities reached 15 million lines.
"Internal and external roads"
Due to historical reasons, railway communication has been responsible for the communication services of the internal system of the railway road. The railway is now preparing for the fourth national speed speed up and has higher requirements for communication services.
It is to meet the needs of the real -time management system of railway transportation, Tietong began to build a data network. "At that time, it was X.25 (a group exchange mode of a wide area network), and there were more than 2,500 lines." . China Telecom has just started to build ports of 30,000, and our Ministry of Railways is 50,000! "
, due to the establishment of a few special networks, the development speed of Tietong Data Network has limited development speed, and the data business has a large The special nature is still in the "road".
The data network of Tietong has completed the transformation of the third phase of the project, which basically covers large and medium -sized cities across the country. Systems such as ticket networking system (PMIS) and real -time tracking system (DMIS). In addition, Tietong provides line services for large IP operators, providing large customers with frames, ATM-PVC/SVC, VPN and other businesses. In order to cover more cities for IP phone networks, Tietong also launched the expansion of the IP phone network.
In four basic projects — the exchange network 15 million lines, the national broadband network, high -speed Internet, and comprehensive information service system based on the national unified platforms based on the Beijing -Shanghai Sui High -speed Ring. The role of a telecommunications integrated information service provider.
Introduction to Railway
The China Railway Communication Information Co., Ltd. is approved by the State Council and approved by the Ministry of Information Industry. Family shareholders (totaling 49 %) jointly invested in a state -owned telecommunications operation enterprise. The company is an independent legal entity operating independently and self -profit and loss. Tietong has branches in four municipalities and 29 provincial capital cities across the country, with total assets of 13.6 billion yuan, registered capital of 10.3 billion yuan, and nearly 70,000 employees. Trone is currently managed by the Ministry of Railways and accepted the industry management of the competent telecommunications industry department of the State Council.

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